ANATOMY OF THORAX in japanese
The thorax, also known as the chest cavity, is a crucial region of the human body. Here’s a breakdown of its anatomy:
Bones:
- 胸郭 (きょうかく, Kyōkaku) – Thoracic Cage
- 肋骨 (ろっ骨, Rokkotsu) – Ribs (12 pairs)
- 胸骨 (きょうこつ, Kyōkotsu) – Sternum (breastbone)
- 胸椎 (きょうつい, Kyōtsui) – Thoracic Vertebrae (T1-T12)
Muscles:
- 肋間筋 (ろっかんきん, Rokkankin) – Intercostal muscles (between ribs)
- 横隔膜 (おうかくまく, Ōkakumaku) – Diaphragm (separates thorax from abdomen)
- 胸鎖乳突筋 (きょうそうにゅうとつきん, Kyōsōnyūtōt筋) – Sternocleidomastoid muscle (neck)
- 大胸筋 (だいきょうきん, Daikyōkin) – Pectoralis major muscle (chest)
Organs:
- 肺 (はい, Hai) – Lungs (paired)
- 気管支 (きかんし, Kikanchi) – Bronchi (air passages)
- 肺胞 (はいほう, Haihō) – Alveoli (air sacs)
- 心臓 (しんぞう, Shinzō) – Heart
- 心室 (しんしつ, Shinshitsu) – Ventricles (lower chambers)
- 心房 (しんぼう, Shinbō) – Atria (upper chambers)
- 大血管 (だいかっけつ, Daikakketsue) – Great vessels (aorta, vena cava)
- 気管 (きかん, Kikan) – Trachea (windpipe)
- 食道 (しょくどう, Shokudō) – Esophagus (food passage)
- 胸腺 (きょうせん, Kyōsen) – Thymus gland (located behind the sternum)
Other Important Structures:
- 縦隔 (じゅうかく, Jūkaku) – Mediastinum (central compartment of the thorax)
- 胸膜 (きょうまく, Kyōmaku) – Pleura (membrane lining the lungs and thoracic cavity)
Additional Notes:
- 上口 (じょうこう, Jōkō) – Superior thoracic aperture (opening at the top of the thorax)
- 下口 (げこう, Gekō) – Inferior thoracic aperture (opening at the bottom of the thorax)
Hand Anatomy
Bones:
- 手根骨 (しゅこんこつ, Shukonkotsu) – Carpal bones (wrist bones, 8 total)
- 中手骨 (ちゅうしゅこつ, Chūshukotsu) – Metacarpal bones (palm bones, 5 total)
- 指骨 (ゆびこつ, Yubikotsu) – Phalanges (finger bones, 3 in each finger except the thumb which has 2)
Joints:
- 手根管 (しゅこんかん, Shukonkan) – Carpal tunnel (passage for nerves and tendons in the wrist)
- 指関節 (ゆびかんせつ, Yubikansetsu) – Interphalangeal joints (joints between finger bones)
- 掌指関節 (しょうしかんせつ, Shōshikansetsu) – Metacarpophalangeal joints (joints between palm bones and finger bones)
Soft Tissues:
- 腱 (けん, Ken) – Tendons (connect muscles to bones)
- 筋 (きん, Kin) – Muscles (various muscles for movement and control)
- 腱鞘 (けんしょう, Kenshō) – Tendon sheaths (lubricate tendons)
- 神経 (しんけい, Shinkei) – Nerves (provide sensation and control movement)
- 血管 (けっかん, Kesskan) – Blood vessels (arteries and veins supply blood)
- 皮膚 (ひふ, Hifu) – Skin (provides protection and sensation)
Regions:
- 手のひら (てのひら, Tenohira) – Palm
- 手の甲 (てのこう, Tenokō) – Back of the hand
- 指 (ゆび, Yubi) – Fingers
- 親指 (おやゆび, Oyayubi) – Thumb
Leg Anatomy
Bones:
- 大腿骨 (だいたいこつ, Daitaikotsu) – Femur (thigh bone)
- 膝蓋骨 (ひざがしら, Hizagashira) – Patella (kneecap)
- 脛骨 (けいこつ, Keikotsu) – Tibia (shin bone)
- 腓骨 (ひこつ, Hikotsu) – Fibula (smaller leg bone)
- 跗骨 (ふつこつ, Fussokotsu) – Tarsal bones (ankle bones, 7 total)
- 中足骨 (ちゅうそくこつ, Chūsokukotsu) – Metatarsal bones (foot bones, 5 total)
- 趾骨 (しこつ, Shikotsu) – Phalanges (toe bones, similar structure to finger bones)
Joints:
- 膝関節 (ひざかんせつ, Hizakansetsu) – Knee joint
- 距腿節 (きょといてつ, Kyotsuitetsu) – Ankle joint
- 母趾外転筋 (ぼしがいせんきん, Boshigaisent筋) – Metatarsophalangeal joints (joints between foot bones and toes)
- 趾間関節 (しいかんかんせつ, Shikankansetsu) – Interphalangeal joints (joints between toe bones)
Soft Tissues:
- Similar to hand anatomy, the leg has tendons, muscles, nerves, blood vessels, and skin.
Regions:
- 大腿 (だいたい, Daitai) – Thigh
- 膝 (ひざ, Hiza) – Knee
- 下腿 (かし、kakute) – Lower leg (calf and shin)
- 足首 (くるぶし, Kurubushi) – Ankle
- 足 (あし, Ashi) – Foot
- 趾 (ゆび, Yubi) – Toes
Additional Notes:
- 足背 (そくはい, Sokuhai) – Instep (top of the foot)
- 足底 (そくてい, Sokuしてい, Sokuしてい) – Sole (bottom of the foot)
- 踵 (かかと, Kakato) – Heel